Steady-State DC Analysis: Inductors and voltage sources

<a href=Circuit displaying a steady-state RLC circuit" />

Consider the following circuit. I'm tying together the basic definitions of capacitor and inductors, and how they work when connected to a DC source. First off, we have the equations for current throuh a capacitor, and voltage across a inductor.

Analyzing this, we can see, clearly, that if our inductor and capacitor are "empty" at \$t=0\$, that our capacitor acts as a short circuit, as there's no current going through it unless there's a change in voltage across the capacitor.

However, I'm having difficulties seeing how the inductor acts as a short circuit. Because we have the DC voltage source \$10V\$, all we know is that our voltage is constant. What I wonder then is how we can make the statement that our inductor acts as a short circuit.

Also, why do we call direct voltage sources "DC voltage source"? Doesn't is sound a bit strange saying "direct current voltage source"?